Sabtu, 18 April 2009

Mengenal Object Oriented

Oleh : Victor Papilaya
http://ambonmemanggil.blogspot.com


Jika kita mencoba mencari tahu arti dari Objek Oriented menggunakan bantuan google dengan menggunakan keyword sebagai berikut: define: object oriented, maka kita akan memperoleh banyak sekali pengertian. Dua diantara pengertian tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:

"Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "objects" and their interactions to design applications and computer ..."
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Oriented)

Atau pengertian "Of a programming language which uses entities called objects that can process data and can exchange messages between other such objectsen...."
(wiktionary.org/wiki/object-oriented)

Wah kalau mencoba untuk memahami pengertian yang diberikan ini menurut saya agak susah bagi mereka yang belum punya pengalaman menggunakan OOP. Secara sederhana kalau boleh saya menjabarkan pengertian Object Oriented adalah sebagai berikut:

Semua yang ada di dunia ini adalah Objek. Manusia, hewan, tumbuhan adalah objek. Setiap objek memiliki karateristik tertentu yang membedakan objek satu dengan objek yang lain. Sebagai contoh orang dari ambon itu memiliki karateristik kulit yang lebih gelap dibandingkan orang dari Jawa sehingga ada ungkapan yang sering saya dengar "Nyong ambon hitam manis" atau "Nona ambon hitam manis". Walaupun pernyataan ini tidak seutuhnya benar. Ada teman saya yang dari Jawa yang saya panggil "Mas Jawa hitam manis" karena memang kulitnya lebih hitam dibandingkan saya ... hehe. Karateristik lain yang membedakan manusia adalah jenis rambut ada yang memiliki rambut lurus, ikal dan ada yang keriting. Terdapat juga karateristik objek yang diwariskan dari objek sebelumnya (orang tuanya). Sebagai contoh anak saya menurut pendapat orang memiliki bentuk wajah yang mirip dengan saya dan tentunya dengan istri saya juga ... Hal ini disebabkan karena karateristik ini diwariskan dari kami berdua.

Nah konsep objek seperti inilah yang diambil di dalam dunia pemrograman dan dikenal dengan istilah Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Di dalam OOP, kita diharapkan membuat program yang berupa objek. Dengan konsep seperti ini akan memudahkan kita untuk menggunakan kembali objek yang sudah pernah dibuat orang ataupun mengembangkan objek yang sudah ada. Objek-objek ini biasanya dikelompokkan berdasarkan fungsinya dan dijadikan satu dalam sebuah package (saya meminjam bahasa pemrograman Java). Sehingga jika teman-teman perhatikan di dalam source code Java, sering kita temui pernyataan import. Pernyataan ini sebenarnya adalah cara mudah untuk bisa menggunakan objek yang sudah dibuat oleh orang.

Untuk mengembangkan objek yang sudah ada digunakan proses pewarisan. Di dalam bahasa pemrograman Java kita kenal keyword extends yang digunakan untuk melakukan proses pewarisan. Artinya ada karateristik tertentu yang diperoleh dari objek yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya. Jadi Objek baru yang hendak kita buat akan memiliki karateristik yang diwarisi dari objek sebelumnya ditambah dengan karateristik baru yang ditambahkan kepadanya.

Di dalam pemrograman, karateristik dari objek didefinisikan menggunakan variabel dan method. Variabel dan method ada yang bersifat private dan public (masih ada sifat yang lain, tapi kayaknya terlalu kompleks kalau harus dijelaskan disini). Bersifat private artinya hanya bisa digunakan oleh objek tersebut dan bersifat public berarti bisa digunakan oleh objek yang lain. Analogi sederhana untuk hal ini adalah manusia mempunya karateristik yang bersifat private artinya hanya diketahui oleh dirinya sendiri dan ada karateristik yang bersifat public, artinya orang lain juga tahu. Contoh yang bersifat private adalah sifat yang hanya diketahui oleh diri sendiri dan yang bersifat public adalah penampakan fisik yang bisa diketahui oleh orang lain.Di dalam bahasa pemrograman Java dan C++, objek dibuat dalam bentuk class. Di dalam bahasa C, konsep Object Oriented juga bisa diterapkan menggunakan struct. Jadi sebenarnya struct dan class pada prinsipnya sama, hanya diganti nama saja.Benar tidak yah penjelasan saya ini sederhana ?

Sumber Gambar: http://140.134.26.20/wbem/eng/ch3.html

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